Popular British Horror, Science Fiction and Fantasy At The Beginning of the Twenty First Century

A Colder War (2000)
The Atrocity Archives (Laundry Files, #1) (2004)
The Jennifer Morgue (Laundry Files #2) (2006) 
Halting State (Halting State #1) (2007)  
Charles Stross
 
Keeping It Real (Quantum Gravity #1) (2006) 
Justina Robson
 
The Devil You Know (Felix Castor, #1) (2006)
Vicious Circle (Felix Castor #2) (2006)
Dead Men's Boots (Felix Castor #3) (2007) 
God Save The Queen (Graphic Novel: The Sandman Presents #32) (2008)
Thicker Than Water (Felix Castor #4) (2009)
The Naming of the Beasts (Felix Castor #5) (2009) 
Mike Carey
 
The Execution Channel (2007)
Ken Macleod 

The Red Men (2008)
Matthew De Abaitua 

The Bastion Prosecutor (Kalahari #2) (2009)
A. J Marshall

The mid-2000s were quite a good period for British popular fantasy-horror-science fiction genre writing. These books should not be neglected simply because time passes. What is curious is how a sex demon appears in two of them (and elven eroticism in a third) which is either coincidence in the cases of sex demons in 2006 or tells us something about the fantasies that sold (at least in publishers' eyes) in the halcyon days just before the 2008 crash. I have no interpretation of that, just the observation.

Charles Stross' A Colder War may be one of the finest short story applications of the Lovecraftian in the current century. It has already become a classic in those circles that appreciate the Lovecraftian. The cleverness lies in taking the 'Mountains of Madness' tale as a starting point for an alternate history that tells the story of the Cold War in terms of the Cthulhu mythos. Where it scores is in building a degree of documentary realism centred on a rewriting of the Iran Contra affair as seen through the eyes of a CIA officer who has gone beyond the horrors of nuclear war to see a deeper horror lurking beneath the power games that fuelled US-Soviet confrontation.

There is not much more to say. It is grim, an expansion of the fear of nuclear annihilation into an even more disturbing vision of a cosmic annihilation that brings a darker hell to earth and it is certainly not optimistic in tone. A treat, therefore, for politically educated Lovecraftians. Several commentators have noted the similarity to Tim Powers' 'Declare' published in the same year (2000) and I am happy to note how Marvel has gone down similar Lovecraftian routes with 'Agents of Shield' and the King in Black. The similarities are remarkable with Powers are remarkable although 'Declare' is a long and even better novel. Assuming pure coincidence, one can only surmise similar thoughts were triggered on two continents (a synchronicity that should appeal to Powers) in response to the apocalyptic idea of the Millennium. Lovecraftian and Cold War apocalypse are perhaps natural absurd bedfellows.

Stross, a new writer on the block in the 2000s, provided us with a flood of books appearing in the SciFi/Horror category. The Atrocity Archives is an early one (the first in a series) and needed a bit of work on the writing/editing front but was well worth the reading with one section that is particularly challenging in terms of sheer horror. It grows naturally out of the themes in A Colder War. It is a curious hybrid of Len Deighton, Neal Stephenson and H.P Lovecraft with a geek anti-hero and a sense of the grubbiness of the bureaucratic mind-set. Not a masterpiece but a promising talent and a good read with a few moments where you will know that you did the right thing in reading it.

 ** spoiler alert ** The Jennifer Morgue, the next in that particular series, is better written than The Atrocity Archives - less babble. It is a bit of fun but you do need to know the Ian Fleming 'universe' to 'get it'. Maybe the joke gets a bit over extended at times and the girl demon who kills through sex is a little too like Mike Carey's succubus (which came first? Carey's is the one I would choose if that is the way I have to go) but it is a good light read with some real 'moments'.

However, the greatest treat came at the end where Stross writes a clever essay demonstrating that Blofeld was maybe not such a bad guy, that SPECTRE won the Cold War and that none of us seem to mind since the superpower nuclear madness was so much more scary. This is very clever and a new take on the transvaluation of values anyone over 50 has gone through since the end of the era of social democracy and upper class clubbability that was 'normal' in thriller literature until the 1970s. It made you wonder what might come next from Stross. Having done Deighton and Fleming, I had hoped he might do Le Carre meeting Cthulhu. 

A bit later, in Halting State, the prolific Stross shifted gear a little, moving into a Scotland of the near future (his homeland) and to something more political and more obviously science fiction. Scotland is an independent member of the EU although it is an odd sort of independence that has at least two layers of power on security matters above it at UK and EU level. There is an interesting political realism in this conceit.

The country is policed through high technology in a way that, for once in British Sci-Fi, does not fall into the trap of being automatically dystopian. On the contrary, all this fine technology seems to limit the police much more than it limits the local 'neds'. Everyone is painfully aware of best practice and good management. If something goes wrong, you can generally put it down to the sort of corporate or bureaucratic incompetence or misjudgement that the ancient Egyptians would have recognised as par for the course. So far so good as an imaginative rendering of contemporary trends.

The 'blurb' on the back of my edition might imply to the unwary that this is a fantasy in the making with the reader watching a crime perpetrated in-world within a game. Well, yes, there is that aspect but it is only the hook and nothing more. In fact, it is part-social satire (the blundering of the EU figures will appeal to any eurosceptic), part sci-fi imagining of the nature of future crime in a high tech world and part spy thriller (this part, though central to the book, is least well handled which is odd given the practice that Stross had with The Atrocity Archives).

It is certainly well written if occasionally a bit dense in the writing. Stross tries to play with language in a way that constantly threatens to confuse and limit the plot but somehow does not - but only just! If anything, his tendency to do this is getting worse rather than better. There is also a wry nerdy humour, very ironic and British, that makes one smile but somehow can never be read out loud for a laugh.

But, still, Stross was 'growing up'. Some of his previous novels were hybrid romps that mixed and matched the spy thriller with the horror genre in a way that was undoubtedly fun but was also very shallow. Without offering any spoilers, this latest offering gently merges the police procedural and the virtual world sci fi genres (William Gibson endorses the book as does Vernor Vinge) into a much more satisfing and demanding whole.

His characterisation was also improving by leaps and bounds - the women were far more believable and the hero-nerd downplayed slightly to give equal prominence to a group of three characters whose viewpoints are those of ordinary people involved in extraordinary events. The transitions between 'voices' are near-seamless. No, this is not going to be in the Penguin Modern Classics series in fifty years' time but it is a good and imaginative thriller with strong ideas and decent (if somewhat excessively obscure) writing. You like the characters and you are sorry at the abrupt and perhaps under-explained end. 

Halting State is recommended for its entertainment value, but only if you are prepared to engage your brain cells to hold on to both plot and local colour. Stross is on his way to something better still if he can only resist the temptation to show us his full range of technical acronyms, explains some of his obscurities as he goes along and concentrate a little bit more on the craft of plot and characterisation. As in his other novels, the postscript (this one in the form of an interview) is intelligent and illuminating.

Justina Robson's Keeping It Real is a lot of fun. It postulates a surprisingly believable universe of humans, demons, faeries, elementals and elves (and all sorts) with a hard science (of sorts) back story. The heroine is a tough girly fantasy figure but not stupidly so. She's a bit of a lonely ladette and I suppose she's been written up for the modern twenty somethings rather than old salts like this reviewer. But she seems real enough and characterisation is good. Be prepared for some genuinely raunchy sex scenes (find out how elves make out with humans) and a bit of violence so this is not for the kids - but well worth a try. I might well be reading the next in the series if I ever get the time. Recommended

The Devil You Know is the first of five Felix Castor novels - the two following are Vicious Circle and the Dead Men's Boots.  If you enjoy the first, then you will be hooked on the next two at least which create a distinctive 'universe' in which the dead return as ghosts, zombies and loup-garous. Demons lurk in the wings - include a rather sexy succubus (see The Jennifer Morgue above).

The books are long even if you take account of the need to rehearse past plots for new readers. Other writers would get the action into a third of the space but, because it is well written (the writing gets better with each book although the plotting becomes more leisurely), with occasionally laugh-out-loud humour, and because it is determined to show you in words what a comic book can show you in pictures, it reads like a light entertainment version of a Victorian doorstopper.  Carey ought to have considered tightening up the story lines or these books would just have settled into comfort food but then maybe that is all that we want - easy leisurely reads. So far in the series, these books could be recommended as a coherent universe you can lose yourself in - but strictly for fun 
 
However, I want to dwell on the fourth book in the series, Thicker Than Water, because, contrary to the rule that sequels get worse with time, it is even better than the three preceding novels. And why is that? Because he is adept here at pulling together all his themes into a very cogent universe with a hint at a big back story to come. A major twist at the end of the book tells us something important about his demon world that shifts our perception and reminds us that this is the graphic novelist who brought us Constantine. I can't tell you more because I am not into spoilers. The surprise is part of the fun.

But, more than this, he is maturing as a writer, moving away from relying on the wise crack. He is also getting off that kick of describing each frame as if he was determined to tell us a tale for Vertigo and misses the pictures. This book is a hybrid between the sharp, imaginative but ultimately formulaic first novel and something like a proper novel set in some imagined next year. There are sections where he visits Liverpool and looks back on it as the wasteland of Thatcher's Britain that go way beyond what we usually expect from a genre writer.

It is almost as if the kid who wrote comic books out of post-adolescent passion is turning into a literary man as his own kids grow up (there is a revealing and interesting interview with Carey at the back of this edition). Fantasy is now only half the story that he tells. The state of Britain and what makes a man have started to intrude as themes. Some of the more outre characters of past novels only get a walk-on part although the succubus Juliet (on whom he clearly has a crush) and Asmodeus, the demon who inhabits his best friend, are central. Demons get all the best parts in Carey novels.

The characterisation of the 'humans' also shifts between the expected and some exceptional development of personality. The inhabitants of this novel are real and recognisable whether on the South London Council Estate where most of the story is set, in Liverpool or as nurses and policemen who keep the plot going. This is a top notch genre writer shifting between his preferred genre and something both much broader and more intimate, a writer who could yet 'mature' into writing a 'novel' that contained only sufficient supernatural and horror to give an angle to, say, social comment or the inner life of a denizen of his tightly plotted universe. Whether we want him to do this is a moot point but he probably could if he willed it so.

I have written nothing of the story. Why? Because to tell too much would ruin the atmosphere. In essence, demonic evil is afoot in the heart of South London's under class, that's all you need to know. You ought to read the three previous books in the series but you don't really need to. Carey's slightly laboured determination (his only weakness) to make sure you are never left guessing as to the facts of the matter means that all the salient facts from the previous novels are provided in the first quarter of the book - by fair means or foul. Funny one-liners are sprinkled throughout - though you have to be British for the best ones. Imagine Raymond Chandler but with that English self-deprecating irony for which we notoriously love ourselves.

But, although more of a detective story than previous tales (why is it that 'going respectable' for fantasy writers always appears to involve writing crime fiction!?), the flow between crime story and horror is well managed because, after three previous outings, the universe hangs together. The coppers have got used to zombies, ghosts, loups-garous, demons and radicalised off-balance sheet Catholic excommunication squads. So, it would seem, have the general public. The level of threat from these supernatural forces is nuanced so that public life is conducted in atmosphere of mild confusion rather than fear. Much recommended for those who love mildly dystopian British culture and fantasy-horror set in urban grey and with a few world-weary laughs added.
 
The ending strongly implied the next Felix Castor novel. He set himself up to demonstrate some sensitivity beyond the wise cracks but you also get the feeling that the flip over to 'literature' may take a while yet. Carey's love affair with demons is not over. There is something he is working through here and there is probably a decade of work in it yet, though perhaps not always with Felix Castor in tow.
 
Although nominated for a British Fantasy Award, the fifth in the series (The Naming of the Beast) is a little disappointing in the wake of Thicker than Water. It is still a good basic read - a supernatural thriller (though with very little 'real' horror). It has all the favourite characters, a consistent universe, a generally coherent story line and the usual grounding in a Central London that Londoners would recognise. But it is still a bit of a potboiler, albeit one with some good set pieces (like the fear monster living just off the Strand and a visit to Macedonia).

What happened? In #4, Carey was on the cusp of something better. There was a dash of JG Ballard in there, character development had gone beyond the formulaic and he introduced some interesting new ideas on the origin of demons and on ambiguities in the universal balance of good and evil that boded well for a cracking sequel. Yet none of these creative ideas are followed through in #5 - the demons are mcguffins to move the plot along. Asmodeus is a thug and little more.

The tale, a natural continuation of previous novels, is like the comfort food of American supernatural TV series. This may not be a bad thing if you just want to be entertained: Carey is, after all, primarily a graphic novel 'auteur'. But a sudden inadequately explained change of allegiance of a leading enemy to move the plot along is the sort of thing that the mindless drift of TV can permit but which irritates in a text. It looks and reads as lazy and bored. Either Carey's publisher dragged him back to safe harbour to please the fans and/or the booksellers (or to increase the chances of TV take-up) or Carey himself got bored and taken his best ideas elsewhere - or he has abandoned them altogether.

This is not a reason not to read the book. It is still superior to the vast acreage of books by women for women in which the reader can fantasise a) bonking, b) being or c) killing a vampire that crowd out more imaginative literature. Horror has reached a recessionary nadir when Jane Austen's heroes meet zombies, vampires and creatures from the Lovecraftian deeps.  Carey's determined maintenance of the adventure genre in this context is admirable and welcome but it is scarcely 'horror' any more. 
 
As with Christopher Fowler's once-admirable Bryant & May series, the market drives 'masculine' writing away from the horror shelves and inexorably towards the thriller section of the larger crime shelves. #4 was an imaginative novel of supernatural horror with urban crime overtones. #5 is a pedestrian thriller with supernatural overtones. Still, all his old characters are here - both heroes and villains. The wit is diminished but Carey can still make you chuckle out loud. Londoners can mentally trace movements in real streets and Carey writes well of location - a journey down the abandoned Kingsway tram tunnel is a minor tour de force. The disappointment is merely relative from someone from whom we had hoped for more - so buy it, read it, enjoy it, move on and, if there is only room for one Felix Castor, go for Thicker Than Water.
 
Between the first three Felix Castor tales and the admirable fourth novel, we may as well note Carey's graphic novel God Save the Queen for comparison. It is a fairly simple tale of demonic faerydom, drugs and teenage angst in contemporary North London. It is not a masterpiece but the artwork by John Bolton can be powerful at times with the right balance between dark fantasy and something close to graphic photo-realism. Carey can be literate but, at the end of the day, it is adolescent, the artist likes to show more girl flesh than is truly helpful to the story and the total effect owes an edge too much to filmic expectations. It is tolerable but no more.
 
Ken Macleod, like Stross, is a Scot with an observant interest in politics. The Execution Channel is serious outing from a writer previously associated with slightly demented but highly entertaining space operas. This novel has some serious politics embedded within a story set in a Britain not quite so different from the one we feared was about to emerge under the rule of the Dear Leader, Tony Blair. This captures a moment of anxiety in British political culture and bears comparison with Christopher Priest's masterful equivalent from the 1970s, Fugue for a Darkening Island, and with Halting State.
 
The Red Men by Matthew De Abaitua is another superior gnostic sci-fi horror which weaves the anomie of modern corporate man and a satire on the world of business guru-dom with chaos magick and a dark seam of esoteric horror. Clearly there was a strong trend in British genre fiction at this time. There are shades of J. G Ballard here as well and, if you can get past the knowing comic writing that is now de rigueur in any post-modern science fiction that deals with inner rather than outer space (and sadly reminds us of the risk of repeating that dead end of scifi jocularity that plagued American science fiction in the 1950s), there is something important being said about the way our minds and perceptions are being changed by the new technologies. Like many other writers in this genre of sci-fi/horror, he delights in telling a story that unfolds in real streets you can walk down today- and so it owes something to that psychogeographic genre created by Sinclair and Ackroyd. It is recommended and worth stopping occasionally as you read it to think about where our culture is heading ...
 
This leads us to an enjoyable bad book. The Bastion Prosecutor is the second book in a five part series. Its scale and its ambition are massive but God knows who the Bastion Prosecutor is or why the Bastion needed prosecuting in the first place! It is set in a near future world that is somewhat implausibly still running with minimal energy. Space flight is a norm, the military are important and honourable America remains our great ally. Big corporations are the bad guys. There is advanced AI. There are aliens. There is cryogenics. All this, Ancient Egypt and the Ark of the Covenant are mixed up with the usual mildly autistic appreciation of hardware beloved of old-fashioned thriller writers, chaste and summarily dealt with love affairs, stock villains and heroes and civil servants out of the 1950s (one expects Quatermass to pop up at any minute).

It is utterly British, utterly old-fashioned and utter nonsense and yet it has a certain rough charm. The author's almost boyish enthusiasm for his tale makes it the perfect read for the tired security guard or porter on night shift, the duty male nurse in a hospital with only rare emergencies or his bed-ridden patient, befuddled with enough drugs to dull the intellect but not enough to let him sleep. Despite its lack of literary quality and the writer's inability to provide a plot that is not a succession of adventures that seem on more than one occasion to be without rhyme or reason, I actually liked this book despite my better judgement. It is a romp. Technically, it could certainly do with a lot of judicious editing yet I wonder if its naivete - about science, about history and about humanity, all paraded in extended set pieces - is precisely why I liked it. To improve it might be to destroy it.

I will not read the rest of the series because life is too short - that is, unless I have a great deal of time to kill and I am stuck in a mind-numbing job where a dulled intellect or great tiredness could allow me to revel, in full suspension of disbelief, in a fantasy of honourable public servants fighting off the greed of private sector villains in a world of fantastically implausible technologies and bad robots with German accents. There is even a stocky Asian sidekick for the nastiest villain. But you should not be entirely put off by me ... I am clearly a dreadful snob. Under the right hypnogogic circumstances, the book could well be a perfect antidote to boredom. As readers move back into the hurly burly of life, they may rise from their half slumber inspired by a world of British pluck and, who knows, regain lost values of service and integrity that might yet reassert themselves in our world of chav celebrities and tabloid reptiles. I very much like Mr. Marshall despite his lack of literary merit.
 

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